| 一、 教學目標
TPR的總體目標是要透過祈使句搭配肢體動作的練習來培養初級的口語表達能力。因此,教學目的強調的是學生句子中所要表達的“意義”而非“結構”(與ALM剛好相反)。
二、 課程安排
TPR的課程以句子為學習單位,再搭配適合在教室情境中學習的文法與單字,用祈使句來呈現。以下為一TPR的教學範例
(Asher 1977:54-6):
Review. This
was a fast-moving warm-up in which individual students were moved
with commands such as:
Pablo, drive your car around Miako and honk your
horn.
Jeffe, throw the red flower to Maria.
Maria, scream.
Rita, pick up the knife and spoon and put them in the cup.
Eduardo, take a drink of water and give the cup to Elaine.
New commands.These
verbs were introduced.
| Wash |
your hands. |
| Your face. |
| Your hair. |
| The cup. |
| Look |
for a towel. |
| The soap. |
| A comb. |
| Hold |
the book. |
| The cup. |
| The soap. |
| comb |
your hair. |
| Maria’s hair. |
| Shiro’s hair |
| brush |
your teeth |
| your pants |
| the table. |
Other items introduced were:
| Triangle |
Pick up the triangle from the
table and give it to me. |
| Catch the triangle and put it
next to the rectangle. |
| Quickly |
Walk quickly to the door
and hit it. |
| Quickly, run to the table and
touch the square. |
| Sit down quickly and laugh. |
| Slowly |
Walk slowly to the window and
jump. |
| Slowly, stand up. |
| Slowly walk to me and hit me
on the arm. |
| Toothpaste |
Look for the toothpaste. |
| Throw the toothpaste to Wing. |
| Wing, unscrew the top of the
tooth paste. |
Next, the instructor asked simple question which
the student could answer with a gesture such as pointing. Examples
would be:
Where is the towel? [Eduardo, point to the towel!
]
Where is the toothbrush? [Miako, point to the toothbrush! ]
Where is Dolores?
Role reversal.Students
readily volunteered to utter commands that manipulated the behavior
of the instructor and other students…
Reading and writing.
The instructor wrote on the chalkboard each new vocabulary item
and a sentence to illustrate the item. Then she spoke each item
and acted out the sentence. The students listened as she read the
material. Some copied the information in their notebooks.
三、教學活動與學習型態
祈使句的練習是最主要的教學活動。在120小時左右的訓練後,才會開使有對話、角色扮演的活動。下列試舉一教學實例:
步驟一 老師在黑板上貼著顏色不同的卡片:紅色、藍色、棕色、白色等。
步驟二 老師說:”Point to the red card.” (指著紅色卡片)並作動作。學生只聽不作。
步驟三 老師再說:”Point to the blue card.” (指藍色卡片),並作動作。學生仍只聽不作動作。
步驟四 重複動作教其他顏色。
步驟五 示範多次給學生看後,老師說:” Point to the red card.”師生一起作動作。
步驟六 演練其他顏色。
步驟七 每位學生發一組顏色卡,教其他命令據以加強顏色練習。例如:“Hold up the white
card.” “Kiss the blue card.”等。
步驟八 唱歌作動作。
Red, red, red touch your head,
Blue, blue, blue, tie your shoe,
Brown, brown, brown, touch the ground,
White, white, white, take a bite.
四、 教師與學生的角色
學生主要為聆聽者,他們在專心聆聽祈使句後便要做出所要求的動作。如果學生自覺心理方面已經準備妥當,便可以開始開口講話。教師則是TPR的主導者,提供學生練習、講話的機會,並像父母般,能容忍年幼孩子所犯之語句錯誤。
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