活動解說 腦力激盪(Brainstorming)的目的在於集群體的力量來解決問題、產生新觀念、分析情報或刺激創造性的思考等,用在作文上可引導同學的寫作方向,不致偏離主題太遠,亦可集思廣益豐富文章的內容。
基本原則
  1. 1. 需限定時間(set a time limit)。
  2. 再一定時間內把同學提出的各種想法(idea)或詞彙(vocabulary)一一列出(write down every idea or vocabulary that come into your heads)。
  3. 逐一檢視所列出的想法或詞彙,刪除不合主題的部分,再把其他可用的加以分類整理(eliminate some ideas or vocabulary and group the others into positive paragraphs)
建議 在目前的寫作型態中,短文所需字數僅100~120個字左右,而課堂時間有限,故在使用"腦力激盪"技巧時,教師可用主題句(topic sentence)或陳述句(statement)來引導同學的思考方向,以免思考方向偏離主題太遠或浪費太多時間。
教學過程

I. 第一次練習

  1. 老師先提供一個主題劇在黑板上。
  2. Topic sentence: Summer vacation is a bad time to travel.
  3. 由全班討論找出關鍵字: summer vacation, a bad time, travel.
  4. 由同學發表想法,由老師一一列出在黑板上。
  5. 刪除和主題句無關的,留下能支持(support)主題句的部分。(如下列)
Since students are on vacation, most scenic spots are crowded.
Airfares are much higher.
All types of transportation are crowded and less convenient.
Hotel rooms are hard to reserve and more expensive.
The weather is hot.
The quality of service is not as good as usual.
Ⅱ. 第二次練習
  1. 提供的主題是Newspaper and I ,由同學針對「報紙」提出他們的觀感。
  2. 經大家討論歸納後,分為兩部分,第一部份先就報紙的優缺點提出論述,第二部分則是個人對報紙的喜好、厭惡或觀感。
  3. 以下是經討論後同學所提出報紙的優缺點
Newspapers are cheep; almost everyone can afford.
They are available in every convenience store.
They tell us what happens around us and in the world.
They carry all kinds of topics.
We can read them any time we want.
They provide knowledge as well as entertainment.
  1. 請同學就所列出的優點去組合成一個段落,之後帶同學閱讀作文翻譯百分百一書中,第一單元的 Newspaper and I 範文,比較修改如下列:
Newspapers have become one of the most important and popular media in the modern society. It contains news from all over the world and covers a lot of topics, such as politics, economics, literature, medicine, life style and so on. I prefer to read newspapers rather than watch TV or listen to the radio. Since they are easy to carry, I can decide when to read and what topic to start with.
Ⅲ 第三次為正式寫作,時間限制約50分鐘,過程如下:
  1. 提出兩個主題句
    第一段的主題句為 "Computers are playing an important role in our daily life."
    第二段的主題句為 " Personally, I have a liking/dislike for computers."
  2. 對兩個主題句稍加說明
  3. 請同學在半張A5的紙張上,針對電腦的重要性及個人對電腦得觀感提出看法,一一列在紙上,中英 句皆可,時間為十分鐘。
  4. 將全班分為兩組後討論,經由討論同學可修正自己列出的大綱, 時間為十分鐘。
  5. 發下作文紙,並要求同學把列出的大綱紙附在作文上一起交來,教師批改時可檢視作文內容是否依據大綱而來,時間約 20~25 分鐘。
學生作品 共蒐集四篇範例,每篇皆含學生原始文章和教師修改後作品。

參考書目

空中英語教室(Studio Classroom)、跨時代空中美語、作文翻譯百分百(徐淑雅,許亞君編著)

提供者

江淑宜老師